Polo y Servicio o Forced Labor

Mommy Mode On na naman ako kaya todo re-searched na naman ako para sa assignment ni Ate Jedi :)

Actually she did help me in searching the world wide web about this. So mga momshie, i-share ko lang sa inyo itong mga ito para dagdag inpormasyon sa assignment ng mga anak nyo.

Alam mo ba kung ano ang Polo y Servicios?

Ninais ng mga Espanyol ang pag-papaunlad ng mga pamayanan. Nagpagawa ito ng mga kalsada, simbahan, mga gusaling pampamahalaan at iba pang proyekto na mapakikinabangan ng buong bayan. Ngunit salat sila sa perang pambayad para sa mga gagawa. SA dahilang ito, nag palabas ang pamahalaan ng kautusang nag sasaad "na ang bawat Pilipinong lalaki na may gulang na 16 hanggang 60 taong gulang ay sapilitang pinaglilingkod sa loob ng apatnapung araw (40) sa pamahalaan. Ito ay tinatawag na sapilitang paggawa o Polo y Servicios. Polista ang tawag sa mga mang-gagawa dito.

Ang mga Polista ay pinag sisilbi rin sa mga ekspedisyon ng Espanya sa Moluccas at sa iba pang bahagi ng Asya kahit na ito ay bawal sa batas ng pag-tatrabaho sa labas ng kanilang mga baryo. Upang makalibre sa sapilitang paggawa, kailangang munang mag bayad ang mga polista ng isa at kalahating reales sa bawat araw na tinatawag na Falla.

Ginamit ng mga Espanyol ang pamamaraang reduccion o pagtipon sa mga sinaunang Pilipino sa mga pueblo at ang encomienda upang mapadali ang pamamahala at pangongolekta ng tributo. Ang mga hindi makabayad sa tributo ay naninirahan sa mga bundok at tinawag na remontados o tulisanes at itinuturing na pinakamababang uri ng tao sa lipunan.

Kakaunti lamang ang mga Espanyol na ipinadala sa kapulungan, hindi magtatagumpay ang kolonisasyon kung hindi dahil sa tulong ng mga katutubong pinuno ng na nangongolekta ng tributo at nagpatupad ng Poly y Servicios. Ginamit naman ng mga katutubong pinuno ang kanilang posisyon upang makinabang at mapayaman ang sarili. Naglagay ito ng malaking agwat sa kanila at sa mga karaniwang tao sa aspetong pampolitika at pang-ekonomiya.

Dahil sa mga kaganapang ito, napabayaan ng tao ang kanilang pananim, nawalan ng ganang magtrabaho kaya nasadlak ang mga Pilipino sa kahirapan at labis ng pagsasamantala. At ito ang naging isa sa dahilan ng ilang pag-aalsa.

Bokabularyo:

Polo y servicios - sapilitang pag-gawa

Polista - tawag sa mga mang-gagawa sa Polo y servicios

Falla - tawag sa bayad ng mga Polista upang makalibre sa sapilitang pag-gawa

Remontados o Tulisanes - tawag sa  mga hindi makabayad sa tributo na naninirahan sa mga bundok at itinuturing na pinakamababang uri ng tao sa lipunan.

Reduccion - tawag sa pamamaraang ng pagtipon sa mga sinaunang Pilipino sa mga pueblo at ang encomienda upang mapadali ang pamamahala at pangongolekta ng tributo.

Tributo - ay isang kayamanan na kadalasang di-salapi na binibigay ng isang partido sa isa pa bilang isang tanda ng paggalang o, sa kadalasang konteksto sa kasaysayan, tanda ng pagpapasakop o pagkampi.

#mommymodeon, #PoloyServicio, #istariray23moments, #mommytime, #mommyduties, #ForcedLabor, #AralingPanlipunan, #Polista, #Falla, #Remontados, #Tulisanes, Reduccion, #Tributo, #istariray23learnings,

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Mikoy- A Cigarette Addict

A dear friend recently confided in me his decision to finally quit his long battle with cigarette addiction. His health had begun to suffer, and that became the turning point that pushed him to let go of his vices. I’ve been a witness to the struggles, setbacks, and small victories he endured along this difficult journey toward a cigarette-free life.

I could feel his longing to be free—free from the invisible prison that had kept him captive for years. When he spoke about how cigarettes consumed his very being—draining his health, spirit, and joy—I believed every word. He admitted how that small stick, so deceptively simple, had enslaved him for most of his life. I never forced him to stop; I only reminded him of the dangers, knowing that pushing too hard might create conflict. After all, we all hold the power of choice: to stay or to walk away, to cling or to let go.

Recently, he chose freedom. He decided, with clarity and conviction, to give up smoking completely. He knows some will laugh at his resolve, question his sincerity, or even dismiss his confession as a joke. But he no longer fears judgment. He is ready—ready to step into a new chapter, to reclaim his health, and to prove that even the deepest chains can be broken.

Let me share his FB confession on this page.

Confession of a Cigarette Addict

I started smoking back in high school—just out of curiosity. What began as a single puff quickly grew into a habit, and before I knew it, it became an addiction. My mind turned into a prisoner, chained to the need for cigarettes. From sunrise to midnight, smoking dictated the rhythm of my day. Once you light that first stick, it feels as though the cigarette takes control of you.

Stress consumed me during college—love, heartbreaks, endless projects, thesis deadlines. And each time, smoking became my escape. After graduation, life hit me even harder. Problems piled up, depression swallowed me, and both alcohol and cigarettes became my constant companions. I didn’t care what these vices were doing to my body back then. A pack a day—sometimes more—was nothing. Cigarettes became part of everything I did: before and after meals, with coffee, before a bath, even while sitting on the toilet. I needed that hourly dose of nicotine like it was candy.

But one morning, something shifted. I woke up and told myself: I don’t want this anymore. I’m not getting younger. I don’t want to waste the rest of my life living like this—waking up one day only to realize my health is gone. Already, I get breathless after walking just a few blocks. Sometimes, I have to stop halfway up the stairs to catch my breath. These are warning signs. And I don’t want to wait until it’s too late.

I’ll say it plainly: I am an addict. I’ve been a cigarette addict for many years. And yes, I know some people will criticize me. Some will laugh, ridicule me, or dismiss this as a joke. But I don’t care. Because today, I choose to change.

It’s been a month since I quit smoking. The struggle is real—so real that there are moments I want to give up. But hell no. I’ve come this far, and I won’t go back.

To my friends reading this: don’t laugh. Don’t question my reasons. Instead, encourage me. Remind me that this fight is worth it. Because every word of support matters more than you know.

"When you change the way you look at things, the things you look at, change."

Mikoy

a once Cigarette Addict

06.22.18

#Cigarette,

#Confession,

#CigaretteAddict,

#CigaretteAddiction,

#MikoyMolino,

#MikeMolino,

#Ciggie,

#Ciggy,

#Mikoy,

#MikoyACigaretteAddict,

#istariray23moments,

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Colective Nouns

Mommy Mode On again!

Kiddos Assignment again and sharing these to other Momshie's/Mommies/Mama out there.

What is Noun?

a word (other than a pronoun) used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things common noun, or to name a particular one of these proper noun.

A noun is a part of speech that names a person, place, thing, idea, action or quality. All nouns can be classified into two groups of nouns, either common or proper.

*Proper nouns refer to the individual name of a person, place or thing.

*Common nouns can be divided into: abstract, collective, compound, concrete - countable, concrete - uncountable and verbal.

Types and Examples of Nouns

The chart below includes the various types of proper and common nouns as well as definitions and examples of each type of noun:

Article taken from YOUR DICTIONARY.COM

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/noun-examples.html

http://www.yourdictionary.com/index.php/pdf/articles/161.nounexamples.pdf

Collective Noun-  is a noun which describes a group of things or people. It means collective noun is a single noun that is made up of more than one thing or person or etc. For example: album, block, set, pair.

For Food/Things

a loaf of bread

a piece of paper

a slice of pizza

a bolt of lightning

a deck of cards

a bunch of grapes

a tube of toothpaste

a piece of advice

a gallon of gasoline

a kilo of sugar

a can of Pepsi

a box of cereal

a bowl of soup

a tub of margarine

a bar of soap

a carton of milk

an album of autographs

an album of photographs

an album of stamps

an anthology of poems

an archipelago of islands

a bale of cotton

a basket of fruits

a batch of bread

a battery of guns

a block of flats

a book of notes

a bouquet of flowers

a bowl of rice

a bunch of bananas

a bunch of flowers

a bunch of grapes

a bunch of keys

a bundle of rags/old clothes

a bundle of firewood/sticks

a bundle of hay

a catalogue of prices/goods

a chest of drawers

a cluster of coconuts

a cluster of grapes

a cloud of dust

a clump of bushes

a clump of trees

a collection of coins

a comb of bananas

a hail of bullets

a hand of bananas

a harvest of wheat/corn

a heap of rubbish

a heap of ruins

a hedge of bushes

a heap of stones

a library of books

an outfit of clothes

an orchard of fruits trees

a pack of cards

a pack of lies

a packet of cigarettes

a packet of letters

a pair of shoes

a quiver of arrows

a range of hills or mountains

a ream of papers

a reel of thread/film

a set of china

a set of clubs

a sheaf of corns

a sheaf of grains

a sheaf of wheat

a shower of rain

a stack of hay

a stack of wood

a string of beads

a string of pearls

Collective Nouns for Animal Groups

a congregation of alligators

a nest, army, colony, or swarm of ants

a shrewdness or troops of apes

a pace,herd, or drove of asses

a troop of baboons

a cete of badgers

a sloth or sleuth of bears

a family or colony of beavers

a grist, swarm, nest, or hive of bees

a sounder or singular of boars

an obstinacy, heard, troop, or gang of buffalo

a flutter of butterflies

a wake of buzzards

a train, caravan, or flock of camels

a heard of caribou

a clowder, cluster, glaring or pounce of cats

an army of caterpillars

a herd or drove of cattle

a brood or peeps of chickens

a coalition of cheetahs

an intrusion of cockroaches

a gulp of cormorants

a bask or float of crocodiles

a murder of crows 

a herd of deer

a pack of dogs

an orc, dule, flight, or pitying of doves

a paddling , flock, or raft of ducks

a convocation or aerie of eagles

a bed or swarm of eels

a herd or memory of elephants

a herd or gang of elk

a mob of emus

a business of ferrets

a charm of finches

a school or shoal of fish

a stand or flamboyance of flamingos

a swarm, cloud, or business of flies

a leash, skulk, or troop of foxes

an army of frogs

a goggle or skein of geese

a herd, corps, or tower of giraffes

a swarm, cloud, or horde of gnats

a flock, tribe, herd, or trip of goats

a troubling of goldfish 

a band or troop of gorillas

a cloud of grasshopper

a colony of gulls

a down or husk of hares

a boil, cost, or kettle of hawks

a hedge or siege of heron

a bloat of hippos

a herd or band of horses

a mute, brace, pack of hounds

a cockle of hyenas

a bond, party, or scold of jays

a smack, brood or jellyfish 

a mob, herd, or troop of kangaroos

an exaltation of larks

a leap of leopards

a pride of lions

a lounge of lizards

a tiding of magpies

a nest of mice

a labor of moles

a troop or cartload of monkeys

a herd of moose

a barren, span, or pack of mules

a romp of otter

a team, yoke, or drove of oxen

a parliament of owls

a bed of oysters

a company or pandemonium of parrots

an ostentation, pride or muster of peacocks

a pod of pelicans

a rookery or colony of penguins

a bouquet or nye of pheasants 

a herd or sounder of pigs

a string of ponies

a prickle or porcupines

a school or pod of porpoises 

a coterie of prairie dogs

a bevy or covey of quail

a nest or warren of rabbits

a gaze or nursery of raccoons 

a rhumbo or rattlesnakes

an unkindness or conspiracy of ravens

a crash or stubbornness of rhinoceroses

a building or clamor of rooks

a family of sardines

a pod, harem, herd, or colony of seals

a school, shoal, or shiver of sharks

a flock or fold of sheep

a bed, knot, den, or nest of snakes

a host, or ubiquity of sparrows

a clutter of spiders

a dray or scurry of squirrels

a chattering or murmuration of starlings

a mustering of storks

a flight or gulp of swallows

a bevy, herd, or bank of swans

a sounder, drift, herd, or drove of swine

an ambush or streak of tigers

a nest or knot of toads

a hover of trout

a rafter, dole, or flock or turkeys

a bale, or turn of turtles

a blessing of unicorns

a huddle or herd of walruses

a colony, pack, sneak, or gang of weasels

a pod, school, mob, or gam of whales

a pack or rout of wolves

a wisdom of wombats

a descent of woodpeckers

a herd, zeal, or cohort of zebras 

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Happy Father's Day!

"A father's love is a garden of dreams, where his children's aspirations are nurtured,
encouraged, and given room to blossom."

#Ama,

#Tatay,

#Papa,

#Dada,

#Daddy,

#Papi,

#Papito,

#Padre,

#Father,

#FathersDay,

#HappyFathersDay,

#istariray23moments,

 

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UrbanEars Plattan 🎧

🎶 Immerse Yourself in Music with UrbanEars Plattan Model Earphones 🎧

Looking for stylish and high-performance earphones to elevate your music experience? Say hello to the UrbanEars Plattan model earphones! These sleek and modern earphones are designed to deliver crystal-clear sound and ultimate comfort for long listening sessions.

Key Features:

🔊 Superior Sound Quality: Enjoy rich, dynamic sound with powerful bass and clear highs, perfect for all music genres.

🎧 Comfortable Design: The Plattan model earphones feature a lightweight and ergonomic design with soft ear cushions for a comfortable fit, ideal for extended wear.

🎨 Stylish Colors: Available in a range of vibrant colors to suit your personal style and make a fashion statement.

🎵 Tangle-Free Cable: Say goodbye to frustrating tangles with the fabric-covered cable that is both durable and stylish.

📱 Hands-Free Calling: Stay connected on the go with the built-in microphone and remote for easy control of calls and music playback.

🔒 Collapsible Design: Easily fold and store your earphones in your bag or pocket with the collapsible design for maximum portability.

Whether you're commuting, working out, or simply relaxing at home, the UrbanEars Plattan model earphones are your perfect audio companion. Immerse yourself in your favorite tunes with premium sound quality and unmatched comfort. Elevate your music experience with UrbanEars Plattan!

🎧🎵🔊🎧🎵🔊🎧🎵🔊

#UrbanEars,

#Plattan,

#Earphones,

#MusicExperience,

#PremiumSound,

#StylishDesign,

#Comfort,

#AudioQuality,

#istariray23moments,

🎧🎵🔊🎧🎵🔊🎧🎵🔊

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Penne Pasta 🍝🌿

Are you looking for a delicious and simple pasta dish to make at home? 

Look no further!

This Penne Pasta in Tomato, Thyme, and Basil sauce is the perfect recipe for a comforting and flavorful meal that is sure to impress your family and friends.

Ingredients:

- 1 pound of penne pasta

- 1 can of diced tomatoes

- 2 cloves of garlic, minced

- 1 teaspoon of dried thyme

- A handful of fresh basil leaves, chopped

- Salt and pepper to taste

- Grated Parmesan cheese (optional)

Instructions:

1. Cook the penne pasta according to the package instructions until al dente. Drain and set aside.

2. In a large skillet, heat some olive oil over medium heat. Add the minced garlic and sauté until fragrant, about 1-2 minutes.

3. Add the can of diced tomatoes to the skillet, along with the dried thyme, salt, and pepper. Stir well to combine and let the sauce simmer for about 10-15 minutes, allowing the flavors to meld together.

4. Once the sauce has thickened slightly, add the cooked penne pasta to the skillet and toss to coat the pasta evenly with the sauce.

5. Remove the skillet from heat and stir in the chopped fresh basil leaves.

6. Serve the Penne Pasta in Tomato, Thyme, and Basil sauce hot, garnished with grated Parmesan cheese if desired.

This dish is perfect for a quick weeknight dinner or a cozy weekend meal. 

The combination of tangy tomatoes, aromatic thyme, and fragrant basil creates a beautiful harmony of flavors that will leave you wanting more. 

Enjoy! 🍝🌿

#PennePasta,

#Pasta,

#FoodieParadise,

#PennePastaInTomatoThymeAndBasil,

#FoodieAdventures,

#FoodPorn, #PastaPorn, 

#istariray23moments,

#istariray23foodporn,

#istariray23photography,

#istariray23foodphotography,

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To Love Again

Love is lovelier the 2nd time around.

"Though a failed relationship may leave scars upon our hearts, it is these very scars that remind us of our capacity to heal, grow, and love again. In the depths of heartbreak, we find the strength to rise, to dust ourselves off, and to embrace the beautiful uncertainty of loving once more.

To love again requires boldness, a willingness to let go of the pain that once consumed us and embrace the hope that flickers within our souls. It is a courageous act of resilience, a declaration of faith in the power of our hearts to mend and believe in love's transformative potential.

Yet, as we embark on this journey, it is imperative that we not only seek healing but also engage in profound self-reflection. It is through understanding the lessons learned, recognizing our own patterns and expectations, and nurturing personal growth that we pave the way for a love that is sincere and fulfilling.

Openness becomes our greatest ally on this path, borne from vulnerability that blossoms like a delicate flower. As we shed the armor that once protected us, we expose the raw authenticity of our hearts, inviting others in and allowing the possibility of genuine connection to flourish. In vulnerability, we discover a profound depth of intimacy and become willing to take the risks necessary for love to truly blossom.

Setting healthy boundaries becomes paramount as we navigate this new chapter. Drawing from the wisdom of past experiences, we learn to honor our worth and protect our hearts. By clearly defining emotional, physical, and communication boundaries, we create a space where respect, understanding, and mutual growth can thrive.

But perhaps the most powerful companion on this journey is the unwavering dedication to self-love. In cultivating a positive mindset and practicing self-care, we uplift our spirits and cultivate a deep sense of self-worth. By embracing our unique strengths and flaws, we radiate an irresistible aura that effortlessly attracts healthier and more authentic connections.

Yet, in this pursuit of love, patience becomes our guiding light. Love takes time to find its way, weaving intricate threads of fate and destiny. We resist the urge to rush or settle, trusting in the natural ebb and flow of life's currents. We allow ourselves the grace to truly get to know another soul, to unravel their layers, and to discern if they align with our values and ignite the flames of passion within our hearts.

And so, we embark upon this journey, armed with the lessons of the past and the hope of tomorrow. We embrace the beauty of our scars, for they speak of strength and resilience. We approach each new connection with an open heart and a gentle spirit, knowing that in surrendering to love, we open the door to a world of possibilities.

In the end, it is through the discovery of self, the cultivation of vulnerability, the establishment of healthy boundaries, the practice of self-love, the embodiment of patience, and the willingness to learn that we find ourselves ready to embark on the profound journey of loving again. With every beat of our mended hearts, we are reminded that love is not a destination but a limitless voyage, where we learn, grow, and discover the endless depths of our capacity to give and receive love."

#love,

#toloveagain,

#hugot,

#hugotlines,

#hugotniistariray23,

#truthslap,

#hugotpamore,

#hugotfeels,

#hugotquotes,

#hugotniistariray23,

#istariray23moments,

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